Untuk artikel dalam Bahasa Melayu, klik siniChristianity & Islam are mostly the same, but not identical Semitic religions. There are so many aspects that are similar between these two religions which have the most followers worldwide. One of them is that Muslims and Christians both believe in the story of the sacrifice of Abraham pbuh.
But the Christian version, despite the extensive similarity to the Islamic version, does not believe that Ishmael was the sacrificed one; but instead believe that Isaac was the one that was chosen by God to undergo the sacrifice.
The Story of Abraham's SacrificeWhen we open the Bible, we can find the story of the sacrifice of Abraham in the
book of Genesis chapter 22 verse 1 to 13:Some time later God tested Abraham. He said to him, "Abraham!" "Here I am," he replied. Then God said, "Take your son, your only son, Isaac, whom you love, and go to the region of Moriah. Sacrifice him there as a burnt offering on one of the mountains I will tell you about."
...But the angel of the LORD called out to him from heaven, "Abraham! Abraham!" "Here I am," he replied. "Do not lay a hand on the boy," he said. "Do not do anything to him. Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from me your son, your only son." Abraham looked up and there in a thicket he saw a ram caught by its horns. He went over and took the ram and sacrificed it as a burnt offering instead of his son.
Meanwhile, the Quran narrates the story of these two great prophets in
surah As-Saaffaat verse 101 to 107; only the ransomed one was not Isaac, but Ishmael:
"So We gave him the good news of a boy, possessing forbearance. And when he attained to working with him, he said: O my son! surely I have seen in a dream that I should sacrifice you; consider then what you see. He said: O my father! do what you are commanded; if Allah please, you will find me of the patient ones. So when they both submitted and he threw him down upon his forehead, And We called out to him saying: O Ibrahim! You have indeed shown the truth of the vision; surely thus do We reward the doers of good: Most surely this is a manifest trial. And We ransomed him with a Feat sacrifice."
Ishmael or Isaac?When we ask a Christian scholar, who was the ransomed one? Ishmael or Isaac? They will definitely tell us that it was Isaac; Abraham's
only son, based on
Genesis 22:2 "Take your son, your only son, Isaac, whom you love, and go to the region of Moriah."But when we analize the Bible carefully, we can find that Isaac was not the only son of Abraham at that time, and that Ishmael
was born way before Isaac. I'm referring to the book of
Genesis 16:15-16"So Hagar bore Abram a son, and Abram gave the name Ishmael to the son she had borne. Abram was eighty-six years old when Hagar bore him Ishmael."
The scripture says that Abraham was 86 years old when he had Ishmael, while in
chapter 21 of the same book, verse 5 it says:
"Abraham was a hundred years old when his son Isaac was born to him."
I'm asking you, if Ishmael was born when Abraham is
86 years old and Isaac was born when Abraham is
100 years old, doesn't that make Ishmael older than Isaac? Why does the Bible describe Isaac as Abraham's only son then, when he clearly had a brother at that time?
The Christians will tell you that this is because they only recognize Sarah (Isaac mother) as Abraham's
true wife, while Hagar (Ishmael's mother) was only his
concubine.When we ask where did the Bible say that Hagar was only his concubine, Christian scholars always give us the verse from
Genesis 16:3, where the word
'Concubine' is now
nowhere to be found, for it was changed by the Biblical scholars to the word
'Wife':"Then Sarai, Abram’s wife, took Hagar her maid, the Egyptian, and gave her to her husband Abram to be his wife..."
Some of them might say that there is
no difference between wife and concubine when the Bible is concerned, because the system at that time
did not differentiate between a wife and a concubine, based on the inconstancy of the Bible in describing
Keturah when she is described as Abraham's
concubine in
1 Chronicles 1:32 ~
"The sons born to Keturah, Abraham's concubine..." but as his
wife in
Genesis 2:1 ~
"Abraham took another wife, whose name was Keturah."But the Bible itself begs to differ when it stated in
1 Kings 11:3 that Solomon had
700 wives and 300 concubines:"He (Solomon) had seven hundred wives of royal birth and three hundred concubines, and his wives led him astray."
This verse is a vivid evidence that the Bible knew the differences between a wife and a concubine. If not, why didn't the Bible just say that Solomon had
a thousand wives / a thousand concubines instead of differentiating between wives and concubine. Thus, their arguments about Ishmael was not the elder son do not hold.
Islamic versionThe Islamic version of the story of Abraham's sacrifice does not state clearly who was the ransomed one, but most of the Islamic scholars interpret that Ishmael was the person that is mentioned in
Surah as-Saaffaat verse 101 to 107 according to several aspects.
There are equally strong evidences to support both arguments, thus some of the scholars give permission to believe in either one of the stories. "No matter either one of the stories one does believe in, they (Ishmael and Isaac) are both pure and pious to God," says the author of
Tafseer Hadaaiq ar-Ruh wa ar-Raihan.